[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page-ru-/guides/general/monitoring-tools":3,"mdc--c3rffn-key":929,"mdc--iahy2u-key":940,"mdc-9xbh6z-key":948,"mdc-s7cf8q-key":956,"mdc-v79kg2-key":964,"mdc-l2334h-key":1003,"mdc--n873wt-key":1027,"mdc--8f2ybe-key":1051,"mdc--ehws5j-key":1075,"mdc--lhny9v-key":1107,"mdc--epuah6-key":1139,"mdc--hfao81-key":1155,"mdc-jho41n-key":1163,"mdc-ngsezq-key":1187,"related-/guides/general/monitoring-basics,/guides/general/alerting-setup,/guides/linux/system-metrics":1195},{"id":4,"title":5,"appliesTo":6,"author":9,"body":10,"canonical":847,"code":82,"createdAt":848,"description":849,"difficulty":850,"draft":851,"estimatedTime":852,"extension":853,"faq":854,"howToSteps":867,"howToTotalTime":898,"image":847,"keywords":899,"locale":910,"meta":911,"navigation":134,"path":912,"platform":913,"related":914,"section":918,"seo":919,"severity":82,"stem":920,"summary":921,"tags":922,"twitterCreator":847,"twitterSite":847,"type":927,"updatedAt":848,"__hash__":928},"content_ru/guides/general/monitoring-tools.md","Настройка мониторинга в Linux с использованием Prometheus и Grafana",[7,8],"Linux Ubuntu 20.04+, Debian 10+, CentOS 8","Windows 10/11 (с использованием WSL2)","FixPedia Team",{"type":11,"value":12,"toc":823},"minimark",[13,18,39,43,67,71,76,158,162,243,250,327,337,341,447,451,455,530,534,545,549,570,574,578,610,614,618,625,722,725,746,750,768,772,806,809,819],[14,15,17],"h2",{"id":16},"введение","Введение",[19,20,21,22,26,27,26,30,33,34,38],"p",{},"Эффективный мониторинг — это основа стабильной инфраструктуры. Встроенные инструменты Linux (",[23,24,25],"code",{},"vmstat",", ",[23,28,29],{},"iostat",[23,31,32],{},"htop",") дают лишь поверхностный взгляд. Для многосерверных сред вам понадобится централизованный сборщик метрик и удобная панель визуализации. В этом руководстве вы научитесь настроить бесплатный и открытый стек ",[35,36,37],"strong",{},"Prometheus + Grafana",", который работает под Linux, Windows (WSL2) и других платформах.",[14,40,42],{"id":41},"требования","Требования",[44,45,46,50,53,56],"ul",{},[47,48,49],"li",{},"Поддерживаемая ОС: Ubuntu 20.04+, Debian 10+, CentOS 8, или Windows 10/11 с WSL2.",[47,51,52],{},"Права администратора (для установки пакетов и запуска сервисов).",[47,54,55],{},"Java 11+ (необходима для Grafana).",[47,57,58,59,62,63,66],{},"Свободный порт ",[23,60,61],{},"9090"," для Prometheus и ",[23,64,65],{},"3000"," для Grafana.",[14,68,70],{"id":69},"установка-prometheus","Установка Prometheus",[72,73,75],"h3",{"id":74},"шаг-1-установите-зависимости","Шаг 1: Установите зависимости",[77,78,83],"pre",{"className":79,"code":80,"language":81,"meta":82,"style":82},"language-bash shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","# Для Debian/Ubuntu\nsudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y curl tar\n\n# Для RHEL/CentOS\nsudo yum install -y curl tar\n","bash","",[23,84,85,94,129,136,142],{"__ignoreMap":82},[86,87,90],"span",{"class":88,"line":89},"line",1,[86,91,93],{"class":92},"sJ8bj","# Для Debian/Ubuntu\n",[86,95,97,101,105,108,112,114,116,119,123,126],{"class":88,"line":96},2,[86,98,100],{"class":99},"sScJk","sudo",[86,102,104],{"class":103},"sZZnC"," apt-get",[86,106,107],{"class":103}," update",[86,109,111],{"class":110},"sVt8B"," && ",[86,113,100],{"class":99},[86,115,104],{"class":103},[86,117,118],{"class":103}," install",[86,120,122],{"class":121},"sj4cs"," -y",[86,124,125],{"class":103}," curl",[86,127,128],{"class":103}," tar\n",[86,130,132],{"class":88,"line":131},3,[86,133,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},true,"\n",[86,137,139],{"class":88,"line":138},4,[86,140,141],{"class":92},"# Для RHEL/CentOS\n",[86,143,145,147,150,152,154,156],{"class":88,"line":144},5,[86,146,100],{"class":99},[86,148,149],{"class":103}," yum",[86,151,118],{"class":103},[86,153,122],{"class":121},[86,155,125],{"class":103},[86,157,128],{"class":103},[72,159,161],{"id":160},"шаг-2-скачайте-и-разархивируйте-prometheus","Шаг 2: Скачайте и разархивируйте Prometheus",[77,163,165],{"className":79,"code":164,"language":81,"meta":82,"style":82},"VERSION=2.51.0\nwget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v${VERSION}/prometheus-${VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz\nsudo tar -xzf prometheus-${VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt\nsudo ln -s /opt/prometheus-${VERSION}.linux-amd64 /opt/prometheus\n",[23,166,167,179,198,222],{"__ignoreMap":82},[86,168,169,172,176],{"class":88,"line":89},[86,170,171],{"class":110},"VERSION",[86,173,175],{"class":174},"szBVR","=",[86,177,178],{"class":103},"2.51.0\n",[86,180,181,184,187,190,193,195],{"class":88,"line":96},[86,182,183],{"class":99},"wget",[86,185,186],{"class":103}," https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v",[86,188,189],{"class":110},"${VERSION}",[86,191,192],{"class":103},"/prometheus-",[86,194,189],{"class":110},[86,196,197],{"class":103},".linux-amd64.tar.gz\n",[86,199,200,202,205,208,211,213,216,219],{"class":88,"line":131},[86,201,100],{"class":99},[86,203,204],{"class":103}," tar",[86,206,207],{"class":121}," -xzf",[86,209,210],{"class":103}," prometheus-",[86,212,189],{"class":110},[86,214,215],{"class":103},".linux-amd64.tar.gz",[86,217,218],{"class":121}," -C",[86,220,221],{"class":103}," /opt\n",[86,223,224,226,229,232,235,237,240],{"class":88,"line":138},[86,225,100],{"class":99},[86,227,228],{"class":103}," ln",[86,230,231],{"class":121}," -s",[86,233,234],{"class":103}," /opt/prometheus-",[86,236,189],{"class":110},[86,238,239],{"class":103},".linux-amd64",[86,241,242],{"class":103}," /opt/prometheus\n",[72,244,246,247],{"id":245},"шаг-3-настройте-prometheusyml","Шаг 3: Настройте ",[23,248,249],{},"prometheus.yml",[77,251,255],{"className":252,"code":253,"language":254,"meta":82,"style":82},"language-yaml shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","global:\n  scrape_interval: 15s\n\nscrape_configs:\n  - job_name: 'node'\n    static_configs:\n      - targets: ['localhost:9100']\n","yaml",[23,256,257,266,277,281,288,301,309],{"__ignoreMap":82},[86,258,259,263],{"class":88,"line":89},[86,260,262],{"class":261},"s9eBZ","global",[86,264,265],{"class":110},":\n",[86,267,268,271,274],{"class":88,"line":96},[86,269,270],{"class":261},"  scrape_interval",[86,272,273],{"class":110},": ",[86,275,276],{"class":103},"15s\n",[86,278,279],{"class":88,"line":131},[86,280,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[86,282,283,286],{"class":88,"line":138},[86,284,285],{"class":261},"scrape_configs",[86,287,265],{"class":110},[86,289,290,293,296,298],{"class":88,"line":144},[86,291,292],{"class":110},"  - ",[86,294,295],{"class":261},"job_name",[86,297,273],{"class":110},[86,299,300],{"class":103},"'node'\n",[86,302,304,307],{"class":88,"line":303},6,[86,305,306],{"class":261},"    static_configs",[86,308,265],{"class":110},[86,310,312,315,318,321,324],{"class":88,"line":311},7,[86,313,314],{"class":110},"      - ",[86,316,317],{"class":261},"targets",[86,319,320],{"class":110},": [",[86,322,323],{"class":103},"'localhost:9100'",[86,325,326],{"class":110},"]\n",[328,329,330],"blockquote",{},[19,331,332,333,336],{},"⚠️ Важно: замените ",[23,334,335],{},"localhost:9100"," на адрес хоста, где работает node exporter.",[72,338,340],{"id":339},"шаг-4-запустите-prometheus-в-качестве-сервиса","Шаг 4: Запустите Prometheus в качестве сервиса",[77,342,344],{"className":79,"code":343,"language":81,"meta":82,"style":82},"sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service > /dev/null \u003C\u003CEOF\n[Unit]\nDescription=Prometheus\nAfter=network.target\n\n[Service]\nUser=root\nExecStart=/opt/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml\n\n[Install]\nWantedBy=multi-user.target\nEOF\n\nsudo systemctl enable --now prometheus\n",[23,345,346,368,373,378,383,387,392,397,403,408,414,420,425,430],{"__ignoreMap":82},[86,347,348,350,353,356,359,362,365],{"class":88,"line":89},[86,349,100],{"class":99},[86,351,352],{"class":103}," tee",[86,354,355],{"class":103}," /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service",[86,357,358],{"class":174}," >",[86,360,361],{"class":103}," /dev/null",[86,363,364],{"class":174}," \u003C\u003C",[86,366,367],{"class":103},"EOF\n",[86,369,370],{"class":88,"line":96},[86,371,372],{"class":103},"[Unit]\n",[86,374,375],{"class":88,"line":131},[86,376,377],{"class":103},"Description=Prometheus\n",[86,379,380],{"class":88,"line":138},[86,381,382],{"class":103},"After=network.target\n",[86,384,385],{"class":88,"line":144},[86,386,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[86,388,389],{"class":88,"line":303},[86,390,391],{"class":103},"[Service]\n",[86,393,394],{"class":88,"line":311},[86,395,396],{"class":103},"User=root\n",[86,398,400],{"class":88,"line":399},8,[86,401,402],{"class":103},"ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml\n",[86,404,406],{"class":88,"line":405},9,[86,407,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[86,409,411],{"class":88,"line":410},10,[86,412,413],{"class":103},"[Install]\n",[86,415,417],{"class":88,"line":416},11,[86,418,419],{"class":103},"WantedBy=multi-user.target\n",[86,421,423],{"class":88,"line":422},12,[86,424,367],{"class":103},[86,426,428],{"class":88,"line":427},13,[86,429,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[86,431,433,435,438,441,444],{"class":88,"line":432},14,[86,434,100],{"class":99},[86,436,437],{"class":103}," systemctl",[86,439,440],{"class":103}," enable",[86,442,443],{"class":121}," --now",[86,445,446],{"class":103}," prometheus\n",[14,448,450],{"id":449},"установка-grafana","Установка Grafana",[72,452,454],{"id":453},"шаг-5-установите-grafana-из-пакета","Шаг 5: Установите Grafana из пакета",[77,456,458],{"className":79,"code":457,"language":81,"meta":82,"style":82},"wget -q -O - https://packages.grafana.com/gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -\necho \"deb https://packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main\" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list\nsudo apt-get update\nsudo apt-get install -y grafana\n",[23,459,460,491,508,517],{"__ignoreMap":82},[86,461,462,464,467,470,473,476,479,482,485,488],{"class":88,"line":89},[86,463,183],{"class":99},[86,465,466],{"class":121}," -q",[86,468,469],{"class":121}," -O",[86,471,472],{"class":103}," -",[86,474,475],{"class":103}," https://packages.grafana.com/gpg.key",[86,477,478],{"class":174}," |",[86,480,481],{"class":99}," sudo",[86,483,484],{"class":103}," apt-key",[86,486,487],{"class":103}," add",[86,489,490],{"class":103}," -\n",[86,492,493,496,499,501,503,505],{"class":88,"line":96},[86,494,495],{"class":121},"echo",[86,497,498],{"class":103}," \"deb https://packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main\"",[86,500,478],{"class":174},[86,502,481],{"class":99},[86,504,352],{"class":103},[86,506,507],{"class":103}," /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list\n",[86,509,510,512,514],{"class":88,"line":131},[86,511,100],{"class":99},[86,513,104],{"class":103},[86,515,516],{"class":103}," update\n",[86,518,519,521,523,525,527],{"class":88,"line":138},[86,520,100],{"class":99},[86,522,104],{"class":103},[86,524,118],{"class":103},[86,526,122],{"class":121},[86,528,529],{"class":103}," grafana\n",[72,531,533],{"id":532},"шаг-6-настройте-пароль-администратора-grafana","Шаг 6: Настройте пароль администратора Grafana",[19,535,536,537,540,541,544],{},"По умолчанию Grafana создает пароль ",[23,538,539],{},"admin",". После первой загрузки сервис попросит сменить его. Вы можете изменить пароль через веб-интерфейс (",[23,542,543],{},"http://localhost:3000",").",[72,546,548],{"id":547},"шаг-7-добавьте-prometheus-в-качестве-источника-данных","Шаг 7: Добавьте Prometheus в качестве источника данных",[550,551,552,557,560,567],"ol",{},[47,553,554,555,544],{},"Войдите в Grafana (",[23,556,543],{},[47,558,559],{},"Перейдите в «Источники данных → Добавить → Prometheus».",[47,561,562,563,566],{},"Укажите URL ",[23,564,565],{},"http://localhost:9090",".",[47,568,569],{},"Нажмите «Сохранить и проверить».",[14,571,573],{"id":572},"создание-дашборда","Создание дашборда",[72,575,577],{"id":576},"шаг-8-создайте-базовый-дашборд","Шаг 8: Создайте базовый дашборд",[550,579,580,583,586,600],{},[47,581,582],{},"В Grafana выберите «Дашборды → + Добавить».",[47,584,585],{},"Добавьте панель «Time series».",[47,587,588,589],{},"Укажите запрос, например:\n",[77,590,594],{"className":591,"code":592,"language":593,"meta":82,"style":82},"language-graf shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode=\"idle\"}[5m])\n","graf",[23,595,596],{"__ignoreMap":82},[86,597,598],{"class":88,"line":89},[86,599,592],{},[47,601,602,603,606,607,544],{},"Повторите для памяти (",[23,604,605],{},"node_memory_Active_bytes",") и сетевого трафика (",[23,608,609],{},"node_network_receive_bytes_total",[14,611,613],{"id":612},"настройка-оповещений","Настройка оповещений",[72,615,617],{"id":616},"шаг-9-настройте-простое-оповещение","Шаг 9: Настройте простое оповещение",[19,619,620,621,624],{},"Создайте файл ",[23,622,623],{},"/opt/prometheus/alerts.yml",":",[77,626,628],{"className":252,"code":627,"language":254,"meta":82,"style":82},"groups:\n  - name: system\n    rules:\n      - alert: HighCPU\n        expr: node_cpu_seconds_total{mode=\"idle\"} \u003C 0.2\n        for: 2m\n        labels:\n          severity: warning\n        annotations:\n          summary: \"Высокое использование CPU (>80%) на {{ $labels.instance }}\"\n",[23,629,630,637,649,656,668,678,688,695,705,712],{"__ignoreMap":82},[86,631,632,635],{"class":88,"line":89},[86,633,634],{"class":261},"groups",[86,636,265],{"class":110},[86,638,639,641,644,646],{"class":88,"line":96},[86,640,292],{"class":110},[86,642,643],{"class":261},"name",[86,645,273],{"class":110},[86,647,648],{"class":103},"system\n",[86,650,651,654],{"class":88,"line":131},[86,652,653],{"class":261},"    rules",[86,655,265],{"class":110},[86,657,658,660,663,665],{"class":88,"line":138},[86,659,314],{"class":110},[86,661,662],{"class":261},"alert",[86,664,273],{"class":110},[86,666,667],{"class":103},"HighCPU\n",[86,669,670,673,675],{"class":88,"line":144},[86,671,672],{"class":261},"        expr",[86,674,273],{"class":110},[86,676,677],{"class":103},"node_cpu_seconds_total{mode=\"idle\"} \u003C 0.2\n",[86,679,680,683,685],{"class":88,"line":303},[86,681,682],{"class":261},"        for",[86,684,273],{"class":110},[86,686,687],{"class":103},"2m\n",[86,689,690,693],{"class":88,"line":311},[86,691,692],{"class":261},"        labels",[86,694,265],{"class":110},[86,696,697,700,702],{"class":88,"line":399},[86,698,699],{"class":261},"          severity",[86,701,273],{"class":110},[86,703,704],{"class":103},"warning\n",[86,706,707,710],{"class":88,"line":405},[86,708,709],{"class":261},"        annotations",[86,711,265],{"class":110},[86,713,714,717,719],{"class":88,"line":410},[86,715,716],{"class":261},"          summary",[86,718,273],{"class":110},[86,720,721],{"class":103},"\"Высокое использование CPU (>80%) на {{ $labels.instance }}\"\n",[19,723,724],{},"Загрузите правило в Prometheus:",[77,726,728],{"className":79,"code":727,"language":81,"meta":82,"style":82},"sudo /opt/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml --alertconfig.file=/opt/prometheus/alerts.yml -web.enable-admin-api\n",[23,729,730],{"__ignoreMap":82},[86,731,732,734,737,740,743],{"class":88,"line":89},[86,733,100],{"class":99},[86,735,736],{"class":103}," /opt/prometheus/prometheus",[86,738,739],{"class":121}," --config.file=/opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml",[86,741,742],{"class":121}," --alertconfig.file=/opt/prometheus/alerts.yml",[86,744,745],{"class":121}," -web.enable-admin-api\n",[14,747,749],{"id":748},"проверка-результата","Проверка результата",[44,751,752,758,761],{},[47,753,754,755,757],{},"Перейдите по адресу ",[23,756,543],{}," и войдите с помощью admin/admin (измените пароль при первом входе).",[47,759,760],{},"Откройте созданный дашборд — графики должны отображать данные.",[47,762,763,764,767],{},"Вызовите целевую метрику (",[23,765,766],{},"curl http://localhost:9090/metrics",") для подтверждения сбора данных.",[14,769,771],{"id":770},"возможные-проблемы","Возможные проблемы",[44,773,774,784,793],{},[47,775,776,779,780,783],{},[35,777,778],{},"Prometheus не может сканировать цель"," – убедитесь, что экспортер работает (",[23,781,782],{},"curl localhost:9100/metrics",") и порт доступен.",[47,785,786,789,790,544],{},[35,787,788],{},"Дашборд пустой"," – проверьте источник данных, убедитесь, что метрика существует в Prometheus (",[23,791,792],{},"/metrics",[47,794,795,798,799,802,803,805],{},[35,796,797],{},"Grafana не загружается"," – проверьте логи (",[23,800,801],{},"journalctl -u grafana-server","), возможно, порт ",[23,804,65],{}," занят другим сервисом.",[807,808],"in-article-ad",{},[19,810,811,812,26,815,818],{},"Не стесняйтесь расширять стек дополнительными экспортерами (например, ",[23,813,814],{},"mysql-exporter",[23,816,817],{},"blackbox-exporter",") или добавлять более сложные оповещения через Grafana Alertmanager. Настроенный мониторинг поможет вам быстро реагировать на изменения производительности и поддерживать высокую доступность сервисов.",[820,821,822],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sJ8bj, html code.shiki .sJ8bj{--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D}html pre.shiki code .sScJk, html code.shiki .sScJk{--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sZZnC, html code.shiki .sZZnC{--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki .sVt8B{--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sj4cs, html code.shiki .sj4cs{--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .szBVR, html code.shiki .szBVR{--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s9eBZ, html code.shiki .s9eBZ{--shiki-default:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D}",{"title":82,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":824},[825,826,827,834,839,842,845,846],{"id":16,"depth":96,"text":17},{"id":41,"depth":96,"text":42},{"id":69,"depth":96,"text":70,"children":828},[829,830,831,833],{"id":74,"depth":131,"text":75},{"id":160,"depth":131,"text":161},{"id":245,"depth":131,"text":832},"Шаг 3: Настройте prometheus.yml",{"id":339,"depth":131,"text":340},{"id":449,"depth":96,"text":450,"children":835},[836,837,838],{"id":453,"depth":131,"text":454},{"id":532,"depth":131,"text":533},{"id":547,"depth":131,"text":548},{"id":572,"depth":96,"text":573,"children":840},[841],{"id":576,"depth":131,"text":577},{"id":612,"depth":96,"text":613,"children":843},[844],{"id":616,"depth":131,"text":617},{"id":748,"depth":96,"text":749},{"id":770,"depth":96,"text":771},null,"2026-07-28 10:13:47","Пошаговое руководство по установке и настройке Prometheus и Grafana для мониторинга Linux-систем. Узнайте, как создать дашборды и alerts за 10 минут.","medium",false,"10-15 мин","md",[855,858,861,864],{"question":856,"answer":857},"Зачем нужен отдельный сборщик метрик, если Linux уже имеет инструменты типа `vmstat` и `iostat`?","Prometheus агрегирует данные из многих источников, обеспечивает горизонтальное масштабирование, хранилище временных рядов и мощную систему запросов, что делает его подходящим для многосерверной инфраструктуры.",{"question":859,"answer":860},"Можно ли использовать Grafana без Prometheus?","Да, Grafana поддерживает несколько источников данных (InfluxDB, Elasticsearch и т.д.), но сочетание Prometheus+Grafana — это стандартный стек для мониторинга.",{"question":862,"answer":863},"Как настроить оповещения без использования email?","Prometheus поддерживает интеграцию с Slack, Discord, webhook и другими сервисами через экспортеры, поэтому вы можете настроить оповещения в соответствии с вашими предпочтениями.",{"question":865,"answer":866},"Что делать, если дашборд не отображает данные?","Проверьте источник данных, убедитесь, что URL Prometheus указан верно, проверьте логи scrape в Prometheus и убедитесь, что целевые эндпоинты доступны.",[868,871,874,877,880,883,886,889,892,895],{"name":869,"text":870},"Установите зависимости","Установите `curl`, `tar`, `apt` (для Debian/Ubuntu) или `yum` (для RHEL/CentOS), а также Java 11 для Grafana.",{"name":872,"text":873},"Скачайте и разархивируйте Prometheus","Скачайте последнюю стабильную версию (`wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.51.0/prometheus-2.51.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz`) и разархивируйте в `/opt/prometheus`.",{"name":875,"text":876},"Настройте `prometheus.yml`","Отредактируйте `/opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml`, чтобы добавить цели scrape (например, `localhost:9100` для node exporter) и настройте интервал сбора данных.",{"name":878,"text":879},"Запустите Prometheus в качестве сервиса","Создайте файл сервиса systemd (`/etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service`) и запустите `systemctl enable --now prometheus`.",{"name":881,"text":882},"Установите Grafana из пакета","Добавьте репозиторий Grafana (`wget -q -O - https://packages.grafana.com/gpg.key | apt-key add -`) и установите `grafana` (`apt-get install -y grafana`).",{"name":884,"text":885},"Настройте пароль администратора Grafana","Войдите в панель управления Grafana (`http://localhost:3000`), используйте `docker` для установки начального пароля (`grep ADMIN_PASSWORD /etc/grafana/grafana.ini`) и измените его в первый раз.",{"name":887,"text":888},"Добавьте Prometheus в качестве источника данных","В Grafana перейдите в «Источники данных → Добавить → Prometheus», укажите URL (`http://localhost:9090`) и протестируйте подключение.",{"name":890,"text":891},"Создайте базовый дашборд","Создайте панель с графиками CPU, памяти и сетевого трафика, используя панели «Time series» и выбрав соответствующие запросы метрик Prometheus.",{"name":893,"text":894},"Настройте простое оповещение","В Prometheus определите правило (`/opt/prometheus/alerts.yml`), например, для высокого использования CPU, и загрузите его в Grafana (`-reload` в Prometheus).",{"name":896,"text":897},"Проверьте работу мониторинга","Проверьте, что дашборды отображают данные, а оповещения активируются при достижении пороговых значений.","PT15M",[900,901,902,903,904,905,906,907,908,909],"Prometheus","Grafana","мониторинг Linux","сбор метрик","визуализация данных","создание дашборда","оповещения Prometheus","установка мониторинга","настройка мониторинга","Linux мониторинг","ru_RU",{},"/guides/general/monitoring-tools","general",[915,916,917],"/guides/general/monitoring-basics","/guides/general/alerting-setup","/guides/linux/system-metrics","Гайды по системному администрированию",{"title":5,"description":849},"guides/general/monitoring-tools","Если вам нужно отслеживать производительность серверов и сервисов, вам понадобится эффективный мониторинговый стек. В этом руководстве вы научитесь установить Prometheus для сбора метрик и настроить Grafana для визуализации данных, а также создать базовые оповещения.",[900,901,923,924,925,926],"Linux","Monitoring","SystemAdmin","DevOps","guide","ppy1yJwh_mKxKWFAUpGYBWPONkz2teBZXFtGGUJWKtY",{"data":930,"body":931},{},{"type":932,"children":933},"root",[934],{"type":935,"tag":19,"props":936,"children":937},"element",{},[938],{"type":939,"value":857},"text",{"data":941,"body":942},{},{"type":932,"children":943},[944],{"type":935,"tag":19,"props":945,"children":946},{},[947],{"type":939,"value":860},{"data":949,"body":950},{},{"type":932,"children":951},[952],{"type":935,"tag":19,"props":953,"children":954},{},[955],{"type":939,"value":863},{"data":957,"body":958},{},{"type":932,"children":959},[960],{"type":935,"tag":19,"props":961,"children":962},{},[963],{"type":939,"value":866},{"data":965,"body":966},{},{"type":932,"children":967},[968],{"type":935,"tag":19,"props":969,"children":970},{},[971,973,979,980,986,987,993,995,1001],{"type":939,"value":972},"Установите ",{"type":935,"tag":23,"props":974,"children":976},{"className":975},[],[977],{"type":939,"value":978},"curl",{"type":939,"value":26},{"type":935,"tag":23,"props":981,"children":983},{"className":982},[],[984],{"type":939,"value":985},"tar",{"type":939,"value":26},{"type":935,"tag":23,"props":988,"children":990},{"className":989},[],[991],{"type":939,"value":992},"apt",{"type":939,"value":994}," (для Debian/Ubuntu) или ",{"type":935,"tag":23,"props":996,"children":998},{"className":997},[],[999],{"type":939,"value":1000},"yum",{"type":939,"value":1002}," (для RHEL/CentOS), а также Java 11 для Grafana.",{"data":1004,"body":1005},{},{"type":932,"children":1006},[1007],{"type":935,"tag":19,"props":1008,"children":1009},{},[1010,1012,1018,1020,1026],{"type":939,"value":1011},"Скачайте последнюю стабильную версию (",{"type":935,"tag":23,"props":1013,"children":1015},{"className":1014},[],[1016],{"type":939,"value":1017},"wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.51.0/prometheus-2.51.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz",{"type":939,"value":1019},") и разархивируйте в ",{"type":935,"tag":23,"props":1021,"children":1023},{"className":1022},[],[1024],{"type":939,"value":1025},"/opt/prometheus",{"type":939,"value":566},{"data":1028,"body":1029},{},{"type":932,"children":1030},[1031],{"type":935,"tag":19,"props":1032,"children":1033},{},[1034,1036,1042,1044,1049],{"type":939,"value":1035},"Отредактируйте ",{"type":935,"tag":23,"props":1037,"children":1039},{"className":1038},[],[1040],{"type":939,"value":1041},"/opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml",{"type":939,"value":1043},", чтобы добавить цели scrape (например, ",{"type":935,"tag":23,"props":1045,"children":1047},{"className":1046},[],[1048],{"type":939,"value":335},{"type":939,"value":1050}," для node exporter) и настройте интервал сбора данных.",{"data":1052,"body":1053},{},{"type":932,"children":1054},[1055],{"type":935,"tag":19,"props":1056,"children":1057},{},[1058,1060,1066,1068,1074],{"type":939,"value":1059},"Создайте файл сервиса systemd (",{"type":935,"tag":23,"props":1061,"children":1063},{"className":1062},[],[1064],{"type":939,"value":1065},"/etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service",{"type":939,"value":1067},") и запустите ",{"type":935,"tag":23,"props":1069,"children":1071},{"className":1070},[],[1072],{"type":939,"value":1073},"systemctl enable --now prometheus",{"type":939,"value":566},{"data":1076,"body":1077},{},{"type":932,"children":1078},[1079],{"type":935,"tag":19,"props":1080,"children":1081},{},[1082,1084,1090,1092,1098,1100,1106],{"type":939,"value":1083},"Добавьте репозиторий Grafana (",{"type":935,"tag":23,"props":1085,"children":1087},{"className":1086},[],[1088],{"type":939,"value":1089},"wget -q -O - https://packages.grafana.com/gpg.key | apt-key add -",{"type":939,"value":1091},") и установите ",{"type":935,"tag":23,"props":1093,"children":1095},{"className":1094},[],[1096],{"type":939,"value":1097},"grafana",{"type":939,"value":1099}," (",{"type":935,"tag":23,"props":1101,"children":1103},{"className":1102},[],[1104],{"type":939,"value":1105},"apt-get install -y grafana",{"type":939,"value":544},{"data":1108,"body":1109},{},{"type":932,"children":1110},[1111],{"type":935,"tag":19,"props":1112,"children":1113},{},[1114,1116,1121,1123,1129,1131,1137],{"type":939,"value":1115},"Войдите в панель управления Grafana (",{"type":935,"tag":23,"props":1117,"children":1119},{"className":1118},[],[1120],{"type":939,"value":543},{"type":939,"value":1122},"), используйте ",{"type":935,"tag":23,"props":1124,"children":1126},{"className":1125},[],[1127],{"type":939,"value":1128},"docker",{"type":939,"value":1130}," для установки начального пароля (",{"type":935,"tag":23,"props":1132,"children":1134},{"className":1133},[],[1135],{"type":939,"value":1136},"grep ADMIN_PASSWORD /etc/grafana/grafana.ini",{"type":939,"value":1138},") и измените его в первый раз.",{"data":1140,"body":1141},{},{"type":932,"children":1142},[1143],{"type":935,"tag":19,"props":1144,"children":1145},{},[1146,1148,1153],{"type":939,"value":1147},"В Grafana перейдите в «Источники данных → Добавить → Prometheus», укажите URL (",{"type":935,"tag":23,"props":1149,"children":1151},{"className":1150},[],[1152],{"type":939,"value":565},{"type":939,"value":1154},") и протестируйте подключение.",{"data":1156,"body":1157},{},{"type":932,"children":1158},[1159],{"type":935,"tag":19,"props":1160,"children":1161},{},[1162],{"type":939,"value":891},{"data":1164,"body":1165},{},{"type":932,"children":1166},[1167],{"type":935,"tag":19,"props":1168,"children":1169},{},[1170,1172,1177,1179,1185],{"type":939,"value":1171},"В Prometheus определите правило (",{"type":935,"tag":23,"props":1173,"children":1175},{"className":1174},[],[1176],{"type":939,"value":623},{"type":939,"value":1178},"), например, для высокого использования CPU, и загрузите его в Grafana (",{"type":935,"tag":23,"props":1180,"children":1182},{"className":1181},[],[1183],{"type":939,"value":1184},"-reload",{"type":939,"value":1186}," в Prometheus).",{"data":1188,"body":1189},{},{"type":932,"children":1190},[1191],{"type":935,"tag":19,"props":1192,"children":1193},{},[1194],{"type":939,"value":897},[]]